Kakhovka: the dam that broke from the inside
Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant, Nova Kakhovka, Kherson region · 6 June 2023

At about 02:50 on 6 June 2023 the dam Russia had held for fifteen months gave way. 620 km² flooded, about 100,000 people directly affected, nearly US$14 billion in damage and loss. The dead on the Ukrainian bank are counted: 34. The dead on the occupied bank are not: OHCHR could identify 15, the occupation said 59, AP found hundreds in Oleshky alone. No international body has attributed the breach; independent analyses point to an explosion inside a structure only Russia controlled.
Denial of evacuation and humanitarian access on the occupied bank — established (OHCHR, 4 Oct 2023) Explosion from inside a Russian-held dam — pattern (NYT, NORSAR, GRC, ISW); not adjudicated Ecocide and war crime, Arts. 441, 438(2) CCU — position (Ukraine; SBU suspicion 6 Jun 2024)
Russia said. Dmitry Peskov · Kremlin spokesman · RBC, 6 Jun 2023: “We can unequivocally state that this is a deliberate sabotage by the Ukrainian side… pursuing the goal of depriving Crimea of water.” — Unsupported; the physical evidence points inside. The dam and its gallery were under Russian control; the NYT's engineers place the charge in the passageway through the base; NORSAR registered man-made seismic events at 02:35 and 02:54. Russia has produced no evidence and no investigation.
Evidence held: OHCHR, report on Ukraine 1 Feb – 31 Jul 2023 (4 Oct 2023), paras. 4, 36–39; Government of Ukraine – UN Post-Disaster Needs Assessment, 17 Oct 2023; Ministry of Internal Affairs; SBU, 9 Jun 2023.
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